Antimicrobial Coatings from Hybrid Nanoparticles of Biocompatible and Antimicrobial Polymers

Abstract

Hybrid nanoparticles of poly(methylmethacrylate) synthesized in the presence of poly (diallyldimethyl ammonium) chloride by emulsion polymerization exhibited good colloidal stability, physical properties, and antimicrobial activity but their synthesis yielded poor conversion. Here we create antimicrobial coatings from casting and drying of the nanoparticles dispersions onto model surfaces such as those of silicon wafers, glass coverslips, or polystyrene sheets and optimize conversion using additional stabilizers such as cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, dioctadecyldimethyl ammonium bromide, or soybean lecithin during nanoparticles synthesis. Methodology included dynamic light scattering, determination of wettability, ellipsometry of spin-coated films, scanning electron microscopy, and determination of colony forming unities (log CFU/mL) of bacteria after 1 h interaction with the coatings. The additional lipids and surfactants indeed improved nanoparticle synthesis, substantially increasing the conversion rates by stabilizing the monomer droplets in dispersion during the polymerization. The coatings obtained by spin-coating or casting of the nanoparticles dispersions onto silicon wafers were hydrophilic with contact angles increasing with the amount of the cationic polymer in the nanoparticles. Against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, bacteria cell counts were reduced by approximately 7 logs upon interaction with the coatings, revealing their potential for several biotechnological and biomedical applications.