Effects of Platelet Lysate Gels Derived from Different Blood Sources on Oral Mucosal Wound Healing: An In Vitro Study

Abstract

The rapid healing of oral ulcers is important to prevent secondary infection, especially for chronic oral ulcers. Platelet lysate (PL) is rich in growth factors for cell growth and promotes tissue regeneration. Hence, this study was performed to compare the effects of PL originating from umbilical cord blood (CB) and peripheral blood (PB) on oral mucosal wound healing. The PLs were molded into gel form in the culture insert with the addition of calcium chloride and conditioned medium for sustained release of growth factors. The CB-PL and PB-PL gels were found to degrade slowly in culture and their degradation percentages by weight were 5.28 ± 0.72% and 9.55 ± 1.82% respectively. The results from the scratch assay and Alamar blue assay showed that the CB-PL and PB-PL gels increased the proliferation (148 ± 3% and 149 ± 3%) and wound closure (94.17 ± 1.77% and 92.75 ± 1.80%) of oral mucosal fibroblasts compared to the control with no statistical differences between the two gels, respectively. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that mRNA expressions of collagen-I, collagen-III, fibronectin, and elastin genes in cells treated with CB-PL (11-, 7-, 2-, and 7-fold) and PB-PL (17-, 14-, 3-, and 7-fold) decreased compared with the control, respectively. The concentration of platelet-derived growth factor of PB-PL gel (1303.10 ± 343.96 pg/mL) showed a higher trend than CB-PL gel did (905.48 ± 69.65 pg/mL) from ELISA measurement. In summary, CB-PL gel is as effective as PB-PL gel in supporting oral mucosal wound healing, making it a potential new source of PL for regenerative treatment.