Microfluidic Mechanoporation: Current Progress and Applications in Stem Cells

Author:

Wang Rubing1,Wang Ziqi2,Tong Lingling2ORCID,Wang Ruoming3,Yao Shuo3,Chen Di2456,Hu Huan1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Zhejiang University-University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Institute (ZJU-UIUC Institute), International Campus, Haining 314400, China

2. Center for Regeneration and Cell Therapy of Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China

3. Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China

4. Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China

5. Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China

6. National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, Haining 314400, China

Abstract

Intracellular delivery, the process of transporting substances into cells, is crucial for various applications, such as drug delivery, gene therapy, cell imaging, and regenerative medicine. Among the different approaches of intracellular delivery, mechanoporation stands out by utilizing mechanical forces to create temporary pores on cell membranes, enabling the entry of substances into cells. This method is promising due to its minimal contamination and is especially vital for stem cells intended for clinical therapy. In this review, we explore various mechanoporation technologies, including microinjection, micro–nano needle arrays, cell squeezing through physical confinement, and cell squeezing using hydrodynamic forces. Additionally, we highlight recent research efforts utilizing mechanoporation for stem cell studies. Furthermore, we discuss the integration of mechanoporation techniques into microfluidic platforms for high-throughput intracellular delivery with enhanced transfection efficiency. This advancement holds potential in addressing the challenge of low transfection efficiency, benefiting both basic research and clinical applications of stem cells. Ultimately, the combination of microfluidics and mechanoporation presents new opportunities for creating comprehensive systems for stem cell processing.

Funder

Human Space X program at the international campus of Zhejiang University

Publisher

MDPI AG

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