Extraction Methods, Chemical Characterization, and In Vitro Biological Activities of Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel Peels

Author:

Pinc Mariana Moraes1ORCID,Dalmagro Mariana1ORCID,da Cruz Alves Pereira Elton1,Donadel Guilherme1ORCID,Thomaz Renan Tedeski1,da Silva Camila2,Macruz Paula Derksen3,Jacomassi Ezilda1,Gasparotto Junior Arquimedes4,Hoscheid Jaqueline1ORCID,Lourenço Emerson Luiz Botelho1ORCID,Alberton Odair1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Paraná, Brazil

2. Department of Technology, State University of Maringá, Umuarama 87506-370, Paraná, Brazil

3. Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil

4. Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804-970, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Abstract

Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel, popularly known as jabuticaba, possesses bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic acids, known for their antioxidant, antibacterial, wound healing, and cardioprotective effects. Therefore, this study aimed to standardize the P. cauliflora fruit peel extraction method, maximize phenolic constituents, and evaluate their antioxidative and antimicrobial effects. Various extraction methods, including vortex extraction with and without precipitation at 25, 40, and 80 °C, and infusion extraction with and without precipitation, were performed using a completely randomized design. Extraction without precipitation (E − P) showed the highest yield (57.9%). However, the precipitated extraction (E + P) method displayed a yield of 45.9%, higher levels of phenolic derivatives, and enhanced antioxidant capacity. Major compounds, such as D-psicose, D-glucose, and citric acid, were identified through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis identified citric acid, hexose, flavonoids, tannins, and quercetin as the major compounds in the extracts. Furthermore, the extracts exhibited inhibitory effects against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli bacteria. In conclusion, the E + P method efficiently obtained extracts with high content of bioactive compounds showing antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities with potential application as a dietary supplement.

Funder

Paranaense University

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Drug Discovery,Pharmaceutical Science,Molecular Medicine

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