Genome-Wide cis-Regulatory Element Based Discovery of Auxin-Responsive Genes in Higher Plant

Abstract

Auxin has a profound impact on plant physiology and participates in almost all aspects of plant development processes. Auxin exerts profound pleiotropic effects on plant growth and differentiation by regulating the auxin response genes’ expressions. The classical auxin reaction is usually mediated by auxin response factors (ARFs), which bind to the auxin response element (AuxRE) in the promoter region of the target gene. Experiments have generated only a limited number of plant genes with well-characterized functions. It is still unknown how many genes respond to exogenous auxin treatment. An economical and effective method was proposed for the genome-wide discovery of genes responsive to auxin in a model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana). Our method relies on cis-regulatory-element-based targeted gene finding across different promoters in a genome. We first exploit and analyze auxin-specific cis-regulatory elements for the transcription of the target genes, and then identify putative auxin responsive genes whose promoters contain the elements in the collection of over 25,800 promoters in the A. thaliana genome. Evaluating our result by comparing with a published database and the literature, we found that this method has an accuracy rate of 65.2% (309/474) for predicting candidate genes responsive to auxin. Chromosome distribution and annotation of the putative auxin-responsive genes predicted here were also mined. The results can markedly decrease the number of identified but merely potential auxin target genes and also provide useful clues for improving the annotation of gene that lack functional information.