Building with Nature—Ecosystem Service Assessment of Coastal-Protection Scenarios

Abstract

The aim of this study is to assess existing conventional and hypothetical nature-based coastal-protection schemes using a comparative ecosystem service assessment, based on quantitative data and literature as well as on stakeholder views. We assessed three conventional groin systems and three building-with-nature scenarios including an expanded beach area, a mussel farm and seagrass beds. Stakeholders perceived the nature-based scenarios as positive and assumed an overall increase in the ecosystem service provision. The quantitative data-based approach showed similar results. Building-with-nature approaches were considered to provide economical and/or environmental benefits to human beings, beyond coastal protection and safety. Especially for the combination of coastal-protection measures with submerged vegetation in shallow waters, a strong increase in ecosystem service potential is assumed, e.g., on nature restoration as well as on touristic and landscape attractiveness. Our approach turned out to be suitable for assessing different coastal-protection scenarios with reasonable effort. Our methodology can help to catch the views of people, raise awareness on the multiple consequences of these measures and enable an improved and structured participatory dialogue with locals and stakeholders. Our approach may support coastal-protection planning and help to reduce local resistance against measures and their implementation.