Biodegradation of Cyanide by a New Isolated Aerococcus viridans and Optimization of Degradation Conditions by Response Surface Methodology

Abstract

Microbial treatment of cyanide pollution is an effective, economical, and environmentally friendly method compared with physical or chemical approaches. A cyanide-degrading bacterium was isolated from electroplating sludge and identified as Aerococcus viridans (termed A. viridans T1) through an analysis of the biochemical reaction and 16 S rDNA gene sequence. A. viridans T1 showed a maximum resistance to 550 mg L−1 CN−. The effect of pH and temperature on cyanide degradation and bacterial growth was evaluated. The highest cyanide removal efficiency and bacterial growth occurred at pH 8 and pH7, respectively. The optimum temperature for cyanide degradation and bacterial growth was 34 ∘C. In addition, the carbon source and nitrogen source for cyanide degradation were optimized. The optimal carbon source and nitrogen source were glycerol and peptone, respectively. The cyanide degradation experiment indicated that A. viridans T1 was able to remove 84.1% of free cyanide at an initial concentration of 200 mg L−1 CN− within 72 h and 86.7% of free cyanide at an initial concentration of 150 mg L−1 CN− within 56 h. To improve the cyanide-degrading efficiency of A. viridans T1, eight process variables were further optimized using a response surface methodology. Three significant variables (soybean meal, corn flour, and L-cysteine) were identified using a Plackett–Burman design, and the variable levels were optimized using a central composite design. The optimal values of soybean meal, corn flour, and L-cysteine were 1.11%, 1.5%, and 1.2%, respectively. Under these optimal conditions, the confirmatory experiments showed that the actual degradation rate was 97.3%, which was similar to the predicted degradation rate of 98.87%. Its strong resistance to cyanide and cyanide-degrading activity may allow A. viridans T1 to be a candidate for the bioremediation of cyanide-contaminated environments.