Abstract
Placing an electric motor (EM) inside the transmission housing of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) implies that the automatic transmission fluid (ATF) needs to accomplish additional requirements. Among these requirements, electrical compatibility is of critical significance. This study investigated the influences of the additive concentrations of three commercial ATFs on their electrical compatibilities and tribological performances. Two variations of each ATF with different concentrations of the original additive packages were prepared. The viscosity, electrical conductivity, permittivity, resistivity, dielectric dissipation factor, breakdown voltage, and tribological performance of the nine resulting ATFs were measured. All the ATFs were found to be electrically compatible and showed dissipative performance and sufficiently high breakdown voltage, even at increasing additive concentrations. The tribological performances of the ATFs formulated with the API (American Petroleum Institute) Group III base oils had improved wear reduction at the highest additive concentrations; the better wear performance was related to the formation of iron phosphates and polyphosphates on the worn surface.
Funder
Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities
Government of the Principality of Asturias
Subject
Surfaces, Coatings and Films,Mechanical Engineering
Reference23 articles.
1. Trends and Projections in Europe
2. Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions;US EPA
3. Global Sustainable Development Report 2019: The Future Is Now—Science for Achieving Sustainable Development;Messerli,2019
4. The importance of tribology for reducing CO2 emissions and for sustainability
5. COP26 Transport Declaration
Cited by
5 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献