A Frequency–Pressure Cooperative Control Strategy of Multi-Microgrid with an Electric–Gas System Based on MADDPG

Abstract

With the development of micro gas turbines (MT) and power-to-gas (P2G) technology, the electric–gas system plays an important role in maintaining the stable, economical, and flexible operation of the microgrid. When subjected to power load disturbance and natural gas load disturbance, the system controller needs to coordinately control the frequency of the microgrid and the gas pressure at the natural gas pipeline nodes. Additionally, the reliability and stability of a multi-microgrid system are much higher than that of a single microgrid, but its control technology is more complicated. Thus, a frequency–pressure cooperative control strategy of a multi-microgrid oriented to an electric–gas system is proposed in this paper. Firstly, based on the analysis of the operating characteristics of the natural gas network and the coupling equipment, the dynamic model of natural gas transmission is built. Secondly, a multi-microgrid load frequency control model including MT, P2G equipment, electric vehicles (EVs), distributed power sources and loads has been established. In addition, according to the three control objectives of microgrid frequency, node pressure and system coordination and stability, the structure of a Muti-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (MADDPG) controller is designed, then the definition of space and reward functions are completed. Finally, different cases are set up in the multi-microgrid, and the simulation results are compared with PI control and fuzzy control. The simulation results show that, the proposed MADDPG controller can greatly suppress the frequency deviation caused by wind power and load disturbances and the air pressure fluctuations caused by natural gas network load fluctuations. Additionally, it can coordinate well the overall stability between the sub-microgrids of multi-microgrid.