Technology Readiness Level of Robotic Technology and Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry: A Comprehensive Review

Author:

Nassani Leonardo Mohamad1ORCID,Javed Kanza2,Amer Rafat Samih1,Pun Ming Hong Jim3,Abdelkarim Ahmed Z.3,Fernandes Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH 43210, USA

2. Faculty of Science and Technology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore 54000, Pakistan

3. Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH 43210, USA

4. Missouri School of Dentistry & Oral Health, A. T. Still University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA

Abstract

This comprehensive review assessed the integration of robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) in dentistry, offering a transparent overview of developments across dental fields. Covering articles in prosthodontics, orthodontics, implantology, surgery, and radiology, the review included 39 articles on robotics and 16 on AI. Screening adhered to PRISMA guidelines, with searches conducted on Medline, Google Scholar, and IEEE. Incorporating the search strategy, the review used keywords related to dentistry, robotics, and AI. For robotics, 296 articles were screened, resulting in 39 qualifying for qualitative synthesis. A separate AI search on PubMed identified 142 studies within the last decade, with 16 studies selected for a detailed full-text analysis, offering a consolidated overview of the current state-of-the-art knowledge in the AI domain. Geographic distribution highlighted East Asia as a major research contributor. The findings indicate an increasing trend in dentistry robotics since 2000 and, particularly since 2016, in AI dentistry. The majority of the literature fell under the category of basic research. The technology readiness level did not cross “three” (proof of concept) in 41% of all articles. Therefore, the overall literature quality remains low, particularly regarding clinical validation.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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