Loss of Independence after Index Hospitalization Following Proximal Femur Fracture

Abstract

Purpose: Proximal femur fractures (PFFs) in elderly patients lead to decreased productivity. Skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) and inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) are non-home destinations for post-discharge disposition. This study aims to evaluate the loss of independence (LOI) following PFFs and examine the economic impact it entails. Method: The literature from various databases was collected and analyzed retrospectively. The inclusion criteria included patients age > 18 years and articles published after 1990. All studies were screened, a PRISMA chart was used to demonstrate the search process, and 24 studies were finally used for review. Results: LOI following PFFs significantly increases with age. Fractures in geriatrics avail a significant amount of post-care resources and had longer lengths of stay. Furthermore, six pre-operative risk factors were identified for non-home disposition, including age > 75, female, non-Caucasian race, Medicare status, prior depression, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Patients discharged directly to home have lower total costs compared to those discharged to rehabilitation units. Loss of independence increases with advancing age. Conclusions: PFFs can lead to a serious loss of independence among elderly patients. Female gender, advancing age, white population, co-existing morbidities, lack of proper care, post-operative infections, limitation in mobility following surgery, and impaired cognitive function following surgery are the factors that contribute to the decline in the rate of appropriate recovery following surgery. Therefore, these factors could necessitate permanent residence in a nursing facility (IRFs and SNFs), with a direct impact on economic, social, psychological aspects and the healthcare system.