The Role of Medical History and Allergic Tests in the Analysis of Antibiotic Allergy in the Pediatric Population

Author:

Dimitroglou Margarita12,Moriki Dafni1ORCID,Sardeli Olympia1,Kartsiouni Elpiniki1,Koumpagioti Despoina3,Galani Angeliki1,Papaevangelou Vassiliki4,Douros Konstantinos1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Respiratory and Allergy Unit, 3rd Pediatric Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General University Hospital “Attikon”, 12462 Athens, Greece

2. Second Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General University Hospital “P. and A. Kyriakou”, 11527 Athens, Greece

3. Department of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece

4. 3rd Pediatric Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General University Hospital “Attikon”, 12462 Athens, Greece

Abstract

According to parental reports, about 10% of children are believed to be allergic to at least one antibiotic, leading to the prescription of second line medications. This incurs higher costs, results in less effective treatments, and contributes to global concern of antibiotic resistance. De-labeling programs could mitigate these problems. The primary objectives of this study were to assess the proportion of children that tolerate the suspected antibiotic well through allergy testing and, secondly, to examine which information in their medical history correlates with a positive test result. Children with a history of antibiotic allergy were categorized into high- and low-risk groups for immediate allergic reaction. The latter underwent oral provocation testing (OPT), while the high-risk group underwent the test only after negative skin tests (STs). In total, 76.8% of children tolerated the tested antibiotic well. Among children with positive OPT, two (8.0%) had to receive adrenaline for symptom resolution. Children who had exhibited suspected symptoms within one hour after antibiotic administration, and those with a history of asthma or food allergy, had an increased risk of positive allergic testing (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the adoption of a standardized protocol for an antibiotic allergy de-labeling program is essential for every allergy department.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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