Carnot Cycles in a Harmonically Confined Ultracold Gas across Bose–Einstein Condensation

Author:

Reyes-Ayala Ignacio1ORCID,Miotti Marcos1,Hemmerling Michal1,Dubessy Romain2ORCID,Perrin Hélène2,Romero-Rochin Victor3ORCID,Bagnato Vanderlei Salvador14ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Instituto de Fisica de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, São Carlos 13560-970, São Paulo, Brazil

2. Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CNRS UMR 7538, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France

3. Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, Ciudad de México 01000, Mexico

4. Biomedical Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA

Abstract

Carnot cycles of samples of harmonically confined ultracold 87Rb fluids, near and across Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC), are analyzed. This is achieved through the experimental determination of the corresponding equation of state in terms of the appropriate global thermodynamics for non-uniform confined fluids. We focus our attention on the efficiency of the Carnot engine when the cycle occurs for temperatures either above or below the critical temperature and when BEC is crossed during the cycle. The measurement of the cycle efficiency reveals a perfect agreement with the theoretical prediction (1−TL/TH), with TH and TL serving as the temperatures of the hot and cold heat exchange reservoirs. Other cycles are also considered for comparison.

Funder

São Paulo Research Foundation

National Council for Scientific and Technological Development

FAPESP

PAPIIT-UNAM

USP-COFECUB

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Physics and Astronomy

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