Novel ST1926 Nanoparticle Drug Formulation Enhances Drug Therapeutic Efficiency in Colorectal Cancer Xenografted Mice

Abstract

Cancer is a major public health problem that ranks as the second leading cause of death. Anti-cancer drug development presents with various hurdles faced throughout the process. Nanoparticle (NP) formulations have emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing drug delivery efficiency, improving stability, and reducing drug toxicity. Previous studies have shown that the adamantyl retinoid ST1926 displays potent anti-tumor activities in several types of tumors, particularly in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, phase I clinical trials in cancer patients using ST1926 are halted due to its low bioavailability. In this manuscript, we developed ST1926-NPs using flash nanoprecipitation with polystyrene-b-poly (ethyleneoxide) as an amphiphilic stabilizer and cholesterol as a co-stabilizer. Dynamic light scattering revealed that the resulting ST1926-NPs Contin diameter was 97 nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.206. Using cell viability, cell cycle analysis, and cell death assays, we showed that ST1926-NP exhibited potent anti-tumor activities in human CRC HCT116 cells. In a CRC xenograft model, mice treated with ST1926-NP exhibited significantly lowered tumor volumes compared to controls at low drug concentrations and enhanced the delivery of ST1926 to the tumors. These findings highlight the potential of ST1926-NPs in attenuating CRC tumor growth, facilitating its further development in clinical settings.