Ingredient Functionality of Soy, Chickpea, and Pea Protein before and after Dry Heat Pretreatment and Low Moisture Extrusion

Author:

Pennells Jordan1ORCID,Trigona Louise12,Patel Hetvi13,Ying Danyang1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 671 Sneydes Rd, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia

2. Department of Food Processing & Biological Engineering, École Nationale Supérieure de Matériaux, d’Agroalimentaire et de Chimie (ENSMAC), University of Bordeaux, 16 Av. Pey Berland, 33600 Pessac, France

3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of dry heat pretreatment on the functionality of soy, chickpea, and pea protein ingredients for use in texturized vegetable protein (TVP) production via low moisture extrusion. The protein powders were heat-treated at temperatures ranging from 80 °C to 160 °C to modulate the extent of protein denaturation and assess their effects on RVA pasting behavior, water absorption capacity (WAC), and color attributes. The results indicate that the pretreatment temperature significantly influenced the proteins’ functional properties, with an optimal temperature of 120 °C enhancing pasting properties and maintaining WAC, while a higher pretreatment temperature of 160 °C led to diminished ingredient functionality. Different protein sources exhibited distinct responses to heat pretreatment. The subsequent extrusion processing revealed significant changes in extrudate density and color, with increased density and darkness observed at higher pretreatment temperatures. This research provides insights into the interplay between protein sources, pretreatment conditions, and extrusion outcomes, highlighting the importance of controlled protein denaturation for developing high-quality, plant-based meat analogues. The findings have broad implications for the optimization of meat analogue manufacturing, with the aim of enhancing the sensory experience and sustainability of plant-based foods.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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