Sorption-Based Removal Techniques for Microplastic Contamination of Tap Water

Abstract

This study investigates the presence of microplastics in tap drinking water and evaluates the efficacy of various sorbents for their removal in the context of Kazakhstan’s water treatment system. Water samples taken in the cities of Kokshetau and Krasny Yar (Akmola region) were analyzed. Microplastics were detected in all samples, with concentrations ranging from 2.0 × 10−2 to 6.0 × 10−2 particles/dm3, predominantly in fiber form (74.1%). Outdated technologies and non-compliance with treatment regimens contribute to poor water quality, including high turbidity (87% of samples), color deviations (40% of samples), and acidity issues (20% of samples). To address these challenges, the study examined the sorption efficiency of different sorbents, with results indicating high retention rates (82.7–97.8%) for microplastic particles. Notably, aliphatic structures like PE and PP exhibited higher retention than PET. Among the sorbents tested, the synthesized carbon sorption material (CSM) demonstrated the highest efficiency in both microplastic retention and improvement in water quality parameters, making it a promising option for water treatment facilities and household filters.