The Role of Ferrate (VI) in the Pretreatment of Algal Cells and Algal Organic Matters: A Review

Author:

Wang Saige12,Yang Shuyi3,Chen Huan4,Lin Qiufeng5

Affiliation:

1. Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

2. Advancing Systems Analysis (ASA) Program International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria

3. College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China

4. CECEP DADl (Hangzhou) Environmental Remediation Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310014, China

5. Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA

Abstract

Algal blooms are caused by excessive levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and other plant nutrients in water. Algae and algal organic matter (AOM) pose a great threat to the quality of drinking water. This manuscript offers a systematic review of algal removal by ferrate (Fe(VI)) oxidation, including the conditions for the removal of different algae by Fe(VI) and the factors affecting the removal efficiency. On this basis, the oxidation and coagulation mechanisms of algae removal by Fe(VI) are discussed. Then, the review introduces the process combining Fe(VI) pre-oxidation with aluminum sulfate action. The addition of aluminum sulfate can further enhance the coagulation effect and reduce the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in the subsequent chlorination process by effectively removing AOM, which is recognized as a precursor of DBPs. In addition, recent studies on the combined application of Fe(VI) and Fe(II) are also reviewed. In a reasonable dose range, the synergistic effect of Fe(VI) and Fe(II) can significantly improve the removal of algae and algal toxins. Finally, this review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the applicability of Fe(VI) in removing algal material, offers guidance for the harmless treatment of algae with Fe(VI), and identifies future research questions.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundations of China

China Postdoctoral Science Foundation

Publisher

MDPI AG

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