Disturbances of the Gut Microbiota and Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Author:

Hu Yongjia,Chen Zhouzhou,Xu Chengchen,Kan Shidong,Chen Daijie

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is characterized as a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disease whose pathogenesis is still elusive. The gut microbiota exerts important and diverse effects on host physiology through maintaining immune balance and generating health-benefiting metabolites. Many studies have demonstrated that IBD is associated with disturbances in the composition and function of the gut microbiota. Both the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota are dramatically decreased in IBD patients. Furthermore, some particular classes of microbiota-derived metabolites, principally short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan, and its metabolites, and bile acids have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD. In this review, we aim to define the disturbance of gut microbiota and the key classes of microbiota-derived metabolites in IBD pathogenesis. In addition, we also focus on scientific evidence on probiotics, not only on the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of probiotics on IBD but also the challenges it faces in safe and appropriate application.

Funder

the National Key Research and Development Program of China

the Science and Technology Talent Project of Shanghai

National Natural Science Foundation of China

the Consumer Products Group of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Food Science,Nutrition and Dietetics

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