Radiation-Based Crosslinking Technique for Enhanced Thermal and Mechanical Properties of HDPE/EVA/PU Blends

Abstract

Crosslinking of polyolefin-based polymers can improve their thermal and mechanical properties, which can then be used in various applications. Radiation-induced crosslinking can be done easily and usefully by irradiation without a crosslinking agent. In addition, polymer blending can improve thermal and mechanical properties, and chemical resistance, compared to conventional single polymers. In this study, high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/polyurethane (PU) blends were prepared by radiation crosslinking to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of HDPE. This is because HDPE, a polyolefin-based polymer, has the weaknesses of low thermal resistance and flexibility, even though it has good mechanical strength and machinability. In contrast, EVA has good flexibility and PU has excellent thermal properties and wear resistance. The morphology and mechanical properties (e.g., tensile and flexure strength) were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a universal testing machine (UTM). The gel fraction, thermal shrinkage, and abrasion resistance of samples were confirmed. In particular, after storing at 180 °C for 1 h, the crosslinked HDPE-PU-EVA blends exhibited ~4-times better thermal stability compared to non-crosslinked HDPE. When subjected to a radiation dose of 100 kGy, the strength of HDPE increased, but the elongation sharply decreased (80%). On the other hand, the strength of the HDPE-PU-EVA blends was very similar to that of HDPE, and the elongation was more than 3-times better (320%). Finally, the abrasion resistance of crosslinked HDPE-PU-EVA was ~9-times better than the crosslinked HDPE. Therefore, this technology can be applied to various polymer products requiring high heat resistance and flexibility, such as electric cables and industrial pipes.