Determination of Energy Consumption and Technical Efficiency of Cotton Farms in Türkiye

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the efficiency of cotton farms and the energy requirements of the input and output of cotton in Türkiye. Data were collected from 657 cotton farms, and the results showed that the energy input of machinery (28.69%) had the most significant share in the total energy input, followed by electricity (22.79%) and nitrogen (20.75%). The total energy consumption of cotton was 83,869.49 MJ ha−1. In cotton production, the energy use efficiency, energy productivity, specific energy, and net energy were measured to be 0.87, 0.07, 17.31, and −23,043.92 MJ per hectare. Cotton plants consumed more indirect energy (51.99%) than direct energy (48.01%) and more non-renewable energy (89.96%) than renewable energy (10.04%). According to the data envelopment analysis results, the average technical efficiency of cotton farms was 0.84. Inefficient farms can reduce their inputs by approximately 16% without reducing the amount of cotton production. Allocative efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency of cotton farms were determined at 0.570, 0.539, and 0.640, respectively. Human labour, machinery, diesel, nitrogen, and phosphate energy use should be reduced for inefficient farms to become more efficient.