Affiliation:
1. Department of Mathematics and Scientific Computing, Karl-Franzens University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstr. 36, 8010 Graz, Austria
2. Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
Abstract
Loss of electrochemical surface area in proton-exchange membrane is of large practical importance, since membrane degradation largely affects the durability and life of fuel cells. In this paper, the electrokinetic model developed by Holby and Morgan is considered. The paper describes degradation mechanisms in membrane catalyst presented by platinum dissolution, platinum diffusion, and platinum oxide formation. A one-dimensional model is governed by nonlinear reaction–diffusion equations given in a cathodic catalyst layer using Butler–Volmer relationships for reaction rates. The governing system is endowed with initial conditions, mixed no-flux boundary condition at the interface with gas diffusion layer, and a perfectly absorbing condition at the membrane boundary. In cyclic voltammetry tests, a non-symmetric square waveform is applied for the electric potential difference between 0.6 and 0.9 V held for 10 and 30 s, respectively, according to the protocol of European Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking. Aimed at mitigation strategies, the impact of cycling operating conditions and model parameters on the loss rate of active area is investigated. The global behavior with respect to variation of parameters is performed using the method of sensitivity analysis. Finding feasible and unfeasible values helps to determine the range of test parameters employed in the model. Comprehensive results of numerical simulation tests are presented and discussed.
Subject
Computer Science (miscellaneous)
Reference47 articles.
1. Basile, A., Gupta, R., and Veziroǧlu, T.N. (2016). Compendium of Hydrogen Energy: Hydrogen Storage, Distribution and Infrastructure, Woodhead Publishing.
2. Energy management of heavy-duty fuel cell vehicles in real-world driving scenarios: Robust design of strategies to maximize the hydrogen economy and system lifetime;Ferrara;Energy Convers. Manag.,2021
3. Fuel cell electric vehicles equipped with energy storage system for energy management: A hybrid JS-RSA approach;Saravanan;J. Energy Storage,2023
4. Gallo, M., and Marinelli, M. (2022). The impact of fuel cell electric freight vehicles on fuel consumption and CO2 emissions: The case of Italy. Sustainability, 14.
5. Design criteria for stable Pt/C fuel cell catalysts;Meier;Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.,2014