The Measurement of Contrast Sensitivity in Near Vision: The Use of a Digital System vs. a Conventional Printed Test

Author:

Mena-Guevara Kevin J.1ORCID,Piñero David P.12ORCID,Luque María José3ORCID,de Fez Dolores1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain

2. Advanced Clinic Optometry Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Medimar International Hospital, 03016 Alicante, Spain

3. Department of Optics, Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain

Abstract

In recent years, there has been intense development of digital diagnostic tests for vision. All of these tests must be validated for clinical use. The current study enrolled 51 healthy individuals (age 19–72 years) in which achromatic contrast sensitivity function (CSF) in near vision was measured with the printed Vistech VCTS test (Stereo Optical Co., Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and the Optopad-CSF (developed by our research group to be used on an iPad). Likewise, chromatic CSF was evaluated with a digital test. Statistically significant differences between tests were only found for the two higher spatial frequencies evaluated (p = 0.012 and <0.001, respectively). The mean achromatic index of contrast sensitivity (ICS) was 0.02 ± 1.07 and −0.76 ± 1.63 for the Vistech VCTS and Optopad tests, respectively (p < 0.001). The ranges of agreement between tests were 0.55, 0.76, 0.78, and 0.69 log units for the spatial frequencies of 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 cpd, respectively. The mean chromatic ICS values were −20.56 ± 0.96 and −0.16 ± 0.99 for the CSF-T and CSF-D plates, respectively (p < 0.001). Furthermore, better achromatic, red–green, and blue–yellow CSF values were found in the youngest groups. The digital test allows the fast measurement of near-achromatic and chromatic CSF using a colorimetrically calibrated iPad, but the achromatic measures cannot be used interchangeably with those obtained with a conventional printed test.

Funder

Conselleria d’Innovació, Universitats, Ciència i Societat Digital of Generalitat Valenciana

Publisher

MDPI AG

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