Moisture Condensation on Epitaxial Graphene upon Cooling

Author:

Saleem Muhammad Farooq12ORCID,Khan Niaz Ali3,Javid Muhammad4,Ashraf Ghulam Abbas5,Haleem Yasir A.6,Iqbal Muhammad Faisal7,Bilal Muhammad8,Wang Peijie9,Ma Lei1

Affiliation:

1. Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

2. GBA Branch of Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510700, China

3. Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Yangguang Road 1, Wuhan 430200, China

4. Institute of Advanced Magnetic Materials, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310012, China

5. Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lake, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China

6. Department of Physics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan

7. Department of Physics, Riphah International University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan

8. College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China

9. The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China

Abstract

Condensation of moisture on the epitaxial graphene on 6H-SiC was observed below room temperature despite continuous nitrogen flow on the graphene surface. Raman peaks associated with ice were observed. A combination of peaks in the frequency range of 500–750 cm−1, along with a broad peak centered at ~1327 cm−1, were also observed and were assigned to airborne contaminants. The latter is more important since its position is in the frequency range where the defect-associated D band of graphene appears. This band can be easily misunderstood to be the D band of graphene, particularly when the Raman spectrum is taken below room temperature. This peak was even observed after the sample was brought back to room temperature due to water stains. This work highlights the importance of careful Raman investigation of graphene below room temperature and its proper insulation against moisture.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Medicine

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