Validation of Aerobic Capacity (VO2max) and Lactate Threshold in Wearable Technology for Athletic Populations

Abstract

As wearable technology (WT) has evolved, devices have developed the ability to track a range of physiological variables. These include maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) and lactate threshold (LT). With WT quickly growing in popularity, independent evaluation of these devices is important to determine the appropriate use-cases for the devices. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the validity of WT in producing estimates of VO2max and LT in athletic populations. METHODS: 21 participants completed laboratory LT and VO2max testing, as well as an outdoor testing session guided by the WT being tested (Garmin fēnix 6® watch and accompanying heart rate monitor). Statistical analysis was completed, using hypothesis testing (ANOVA, t-test), correlation analysis (Pearson’s r, Lin’s Concordance Correlation [CCC]), error analysis (mean absolute percentage error [MAPE]), equivalence testing (TOST test), and bias assessment (Bland–Altman analysis). RESULTS: The Garmin watch was found to have acceptable agreement for VO2max when compared to the 1 min averaged values (MAPE = 6.85%, CCC = 0.7) and for LT and the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA), (MAPE = 7.52%, CCC = 0.79; MAPE = 8.20%, CCC = 0.74, respectively). Therefore, the Garmin fēnix 6® produces accurate measurements of VO2max and LT in athletic populations and can be used to make training decisions among athletes.