A Fully Featured Thermal Energy Harvesting Tracker for Wildlife

Abstract

In this paper, we describe a novel animal-tracking-system, solely powered by thermal energy harvesting. The tracker achieves an outstanding 100 μW of electrical power harvested over an area of only 2 times 20.5cm2, using the temperature difference between the animal’s fur and the environment, with a total weight of 286 g. The steps to enhance the power income are presented and validated in a field-test, using a system that fulfills common tracking-tasks, including GPS with a fix every 1.1 h to 1.5 h, activity and temperature measurements, all data wirelessly transmitted via LoRaWAN at a period of 14 min. Furthermore, we describe our ultra low power design that achieves an overall sleep power consumption of only 8μW and is able to work down to temperature differences of 0.9K applied to the TEGs.