Dynamic Characteristics Analysis for a Novel Double-Rotor He-Xe Closed-Brayton-Cycle Space Nuclear Power Generation System

Abstract

The growing demand for electricity in long-duration space missions has become a pressing concern. The space nuclear closed-Brayton-cycle (CBC) power generation system offers advantages in power output, operational lifespan, and range. However, a significant speed disparity exists between its compressor and alternator. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a double-rotor CBC configuration. A corresponding dynamic model that couples the nuclear reactor and radiator is formulated, and dynamic analysis is conducted to facilitate system control. The study delves into the dynamic start-up process of the double-rotor CBC system and examines how various component parameters impact its power generation performance. The findings indicate that through the introduction of suitable reactivity to regulate reactor power and the incorporation of a PID controller to manage flow distribution between two turbines, the system can achieve start-up within 5200 s. Moreover, the innovative double-rotor structure suggested in this paper enables the separation of compressor and alternator speeds. Consequently, the compressor and alternator can operate within their optimal speed ranges independently, which is a feature that holds potential benefits for the system’s practical implementation. In addition, the steady-state operation of the system showcases the recuperator’s heat transfer power at around 1127.60 kW, a parameter of significant importance. Following steady-state operation, the double-rotor CBC system demonstrated an electrical power output of 175.99 kW and a thermal efficiency of 32.38%.