Suitability Analysis Using GIS-Based Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for Solar Power Exploration

Abstract

Sibuyan Island is experiencing a significant increase in electricity demand due to population growth, urbanization, and industrial development. The island plans to use solar energy, recognizing its abundance and renewable nature; thus, this study was conducted to visualize the spatial distribution of solar exploration suitability using a geographic information system (GIS). Various criteria, including climatology, location, geography, meteorology, and disaster susceptibility, were considered in the assessment. Parameters affected by government policies, such as protected areas, proximity to rivers, roads and faults, ancestral domains, and proclaimed watersheds, were also considered. Parameters were weighted, and suitability levels were highlighted using AHP. The study revealed that about 5.88% (2674.06 km2) of the island was categorized as highly suitable for a solar farm, 34.99% (15,908.21 km2) as suitable, 2.49% (1129.95 km2) as moderately suitable, and the majority, 56.64% (25,754.47 km2), was considered not suitable for solar projects. A solar power suitability map was developed as a reference for local governments and residents in establishing solar PV systems in their respective sites, thus maximizing the full potential of their land. The study also directs future solar power exploration studies in Sibuyan Island, supporting ongoing efforts to maximize solar energy utilization.