Neutron Activation Analysis in Urban Geochemistry: Impact of Traffic Intensification after Opening the Blanka Tunnel Complex in Prague

Abstract

Opening of the Blanka Tunnel Complex (BTC) in Prague, Czech Republic, the longest city tunnel in Europe, significantly increased traffic on a connected main road, the V Holešovičkách street (VHS). To study environmental changes in VHS connected with BTC opening, sampling of road dust and airborne particulate matter in the VHS vicinity started 3 years before BTC opening and continued until BTC pilot operation. The enrichment factors calculated for the collected samples from elemental compositions determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) have shown significant enrichment for Se, Sb, Hg, Br, Mo, Zn, As, W, Cr, Ba, and Fe, but not their increase after starting BTC operation. The Principal Component Analysis allowed distinguishing between detrital and anthropogenic, probably traffic related, origin of the elements determined in samples. The study demonstrated a potential of INAA for multielement trace analysis of minute samples (28 elements determined in samples down to 20 μg, with detection limits down to sub-ng level) and its application in urban geochemistry studies.