Influence of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Recurrent Vesicovaginal Fistula—A Histological and Immunohistochemical Study

Abstract

Vesicovaginal fistula is a cause of deterioration in the quality of life. It is a communication between the bladder and vagina resulting in the uncontrollable leakage of urine through the vagina. Recently, regenerative methods have been used more frequently, and platelet-rich plasma is one of these methods. The functional properties of platelet-rich plasma are based on the synthesis and secretion of multiple growth factors released after platelet activation. The aim of this study was to investigate how platelet-rich plasma influences the condition of the tissue and the healing ability of the urothelium, vaginal epithelium and tissues surrounding the fistulous canal. The study included eight patients who had undergone the Latzko procedure aimed at closing the vesicovaginal fistula. Samples were collected during primary surgery without platelet-rich plasma and after failed surgery, during a second attempt. The specimens were subjected to histological and immunohistochemical evaluation. The histology demonstrated that in platelet-rich plasma patients, greater vascularization and wider subepithelial mucosa layering was observed. Inflammatory infiltration in the subepithelial layer was increased in platelet-rich plasma patients. No localization differences in growth factor proteins were found in either group, but in platelet-rich plasma-patients, the reactions were stronger. It can be concluded that the use of platelet-rich plasma improves the morphological structure of the injected tissues.