The Relationship between Cancer Stage, Selected Immunological Parameters, Epstein–Barr Virus Infection, and Total Serum Content of Iron, Zinc, and Copper in Patients with Laryngeal Cancer
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Published:2024-01-16
Issue:2
Volume:13
Page:511
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ISSN:2077-0383
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Container-title:Journal of Clinical Medicine
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language:en
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Short-container-title:JCM
Author:
Wojnicka Julia1ORCID, Grywalska Ewelina2ORCID, Hymos Anna2, Mertowska Paulina2ORCID, Mertowski Sebastian2ORCID, Charytanowicz Małgorzata34ORCID, Klatka Maria5, Klatka Janusz6, Dolliver Wojciech Remington7, Błażewicz Anna1ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Department of Pathobiochemistry and Interdisciplinary Applications of Ion Chromatography, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland 2. Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland 3. Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38D, 20-618 Lublin, Poland 4. Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Newelska 6, 01-447 Warsaw, Poland 5. Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University, Gębali 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland 6. Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8 St., 20-954 Lublin, Poland 7. Brigham & Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
Abstract
(1) Background: the purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between cancer stage, selected immunological parameters, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection, and total serum content of iron, zinc, and copper in patients with laryngeal cancer (LC). (2) Methods: serum Fe, Zn, and Cu were measured in 40 LC patients and 20 controls. Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood lymphocytes was performed by flow cytometry using fluorescent antibodies against CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD25, CD69, and PD-1. Tumor and lymph node lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry. EBV DNA was quantified by real-time PCR, targeting the EBNA-1 gene. Associations between serum elements, immune markers, and cancer grade/stage were evaluated using ANOVA and appropriate nonparametric tests. (3) Results: levels of Fe, Cu, and Zn were lower, while Cu/Zn was statistically higher, in patients with LC than in the control group. Correlation analysis showed a statistically significant association between the levels of these elements and parameters of the TNM (Tumor, Node, Metastasis) staging system, immunophenotype, and the amount of EBV genetic material in patients with LC who survived for more than 5 years. (4) Conclusion: the results suggest that the total serum levels of the determined micronutrients may significantly affect the immunopathogenesis and progression of LC.
Funder
Medical University of Lublin
Reference83 articles.
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