Advances and Applications of Lung Organoids in the Research on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Author:

Zhang Xingwu12ORCID,Su Longxiang3,Pan Pan1

Affiliation:

1. College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, 8th Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China

2. School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

3. Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China

Abstract

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a sudden onset of lung injury characterized by bilateral pulmonary edema, diffuse inflammation, hypoxemia, and a low P/F ratio. Epithelial injury and endothelial injury are notable in the development of ARDS, which is more severe under mechanical stress. This review explains the role of alveolar epithelial cells and endothelial cells under physiological and pathological conditions during the progression of ARDS. Mechanical injury not only causes ARDS but is also a side effect of ventilator-supporting treatment, which is difficult to model both in vitro and in vivo. The development of lung organoids has seen rapid progress in recent years, with numerous promising achievements made. Multiple types of cells and construction strategies are emerging in the lung organoid culture system. Additionally, the lung-on-a-chip system presents a new idea for simulating lung diseases. This review summarizes the basic features and critical problems in the research on ARDS, as well as the progress in lung organoids, particularly in the rapidly developing microfluidic system-based organoids. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the three major factors that promote the progression of ARDS and how advances in lung organoid technology can be used to further understand ARDS.

Funder

Military Logistics Research Independent Research Project 2023

China Postdoctoral Science Foundation

Chinese PLA General Hospital Youth Independent Innovation Research Project

key project of the Eighth Medical Center of the People’s Liberation Army General Hospital

Young Talent Promotion Project of the Beijing Science and Technology Association

General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

MDPI AG

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