Association between Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Parkinson’s Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Author:

Mai Aaron Shengting12,Tan Brendan Jen-Wei2,Sun Qiao-Yang2ORCID,Tan Eng-King23

Affiliation:

1. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore

2. Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital Campus, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore

3. Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore

Abstract

While much evidence suggests that type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD), the relationship between type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and PD is unclear. To study their association, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using the following statistical methods: inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, weight median, and weighted mode. Independent datasets with no sample overlap were retrieved from the IEU GWAS platform. All the MR methods found a lower risk of PD in T1DM (IVW—OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.91–0.96, p = 3.12 × 10−5; MR-Egger—OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88–0.98, p = 1.45 × 10−2; weighted median—OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.89–0.98, p = 2.76 × 10−3; and weighted mode—OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.9–0.98, p = 1.58 × 10−2). The findings were then replicated with another independent GWAS dataset on T1DM (IVW—OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–0.99, p = 3.10 × 10−3; MR-Egger—OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93–0.99, p = 1.08 × 10−2; weighted median—OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94–0.99, p = 1.88 × 10−2; weighted mode—OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94–0.99, p = 1.43 × 10−2). Thus, our study provides evidence that T1DM may have a protective effect on PD risk, though further studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms.

Funder

National Medical Research Council

Publisher

MDPI AG

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