Metabolic Profile and Bone Status in Post-Menopausal Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Monocentric Retrospective Survey

Abstract

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are chronic conditions that share common inflammatory mechanisms. Both diseases can lead to an impairment of the bone microarchitecture. The aims of our study were to evaluate clinical, metabolic, and bone parameters in RA patients with or without MetS (MetS+, MetS−) and potential correlations between the glico-lipidic profile, RA disease activity, and bone status. Methods: A total of thirty-nine RA female post-menopausal patients were recruited (median age 66.6 ± 10.4, disease duration 3 ± 2.7). Anthropometric data, medical history, and current treatment were recorded along with basal blood tests, bone, and lipid metabolism biomarkers. RA disease activity and insulin resistance were evaluated through standard scores. Quantitative assessment of the bone (bone mineral density—BMD) was performed by dual-energy-X ray absorption (DXA), whereas bone quality was quantified with the trabecular bone score (TBS). Results: No statistically significant differences concerning both BMD and TBS were detected between the MetS+ and MetS− RA patients. However, the MetS+ RA patients exhibited significantly higher disease activity and lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations (respectively, p = 0.04 and p = 0.01). In all RA patients, a significant negative correlation emerged between the BMD of the femoral trochanter with plasmatic triglycerides (TG) concentrations (r = −0.38, p = 0.01), whereas the lumbar BMD was positively correlated with the abdominal waist (AW) and fasting glucose (FG) concentrations. On the other hand, the TBS was negatively correlated with insulin concentrations, FG, and RA disease activity (respectively, r = −0.45, p = 0.01, r = −0.40, p = 0.03, r = −0.37, p = 0.04), the last one was further negatively correlated with 25-OHD serum concentrations (r = −0.6, p = 0.0006) and insulin-resistance (r = 0.3, p = 0.04). Conclusions: Bone quantity (BMD) and quality (TBS) do not seem significantly changed among MetS+ and MetS− RA patients; however, among MetS+ patients, both significantly higher disease activity and lower vitamin D serum concentrations were observed. In addition, the significant negative correlations between the alterations of metabolic parameters limited to the TBS in all RA patients might suggest that qualitative bone microarchitecture impairments (TBS) might manifest despite unchanged BMD values.