Hospital Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 Pneumonia: The Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and Vitamin D Status
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Published:2023-06-30
Issue:13
Volume:15
Page:2976
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ISSN:2072-6643
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Container-title:Nutrients
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Nutrients
Author:
Sanecka Martyna1, Youssef Modar2, Abdulsalam Mohammad2, Raza Syed F.2, Qadeer Abdul2, Ioana Julia2, Aldoresi Alya2, Shah Syed I.2, Al Lawati Abdul2, Feely Joseph3, Tormey William P.3, O’Neill Eoghan4, Cormican Liam J.2, Judge Eoin P.2, McCartney Daniel M. A.1, Faul John L.256ORCID
Affiliation:
1. School of Biological, Health & Sports Sciences, Technological University Dublin, D07 XT95 Dublin, Ireland 2. Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Connolly Hospital Dublin, D15 X40D Dublin, Ireland 3. Department of Biochemistry, Connolly Hospital Dublin, D15 X40D Dublin, Ireland 4. Department of Microbiology, Connolly Hospital Dublin, D15 X40D Dublin, Ireland 5. Department of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland 6. Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination promises to improve outcomes for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (most notably those with advanced age and at high risk for severe disease). Here, we examine serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status and outcomes in both old (>70 years) and young vaccinated (n = 80) and unvaccinated (n = 91) subjects, who were hospitalized due to COVID-19 pneumonia in a single center (Connolly Hospital Dublin). Outcomes included ICU admission and mortality. Serum 25(OH)D levels were categorized as D30 (<30 nmol/L), D40 (30–49.99 nmol/L) and D50 (≥50 nmol/L). In multivariate analyses, D30 was independently associated with ICU admission (OR: 6.87 (95% CI: 1.13–41.85) (p = 0.036)) and mortality (OR: 24.81 (95% CI: 1.57–392.1) (p = 0.023)) in unvaccinated patients, even after adjustment for major confounders including age, sex, obesity and pre-existing diabetes mellitus. While mortality was consistently higher in all categories of patients over 70 years of age, the highest observed mortality rate of 50%, seen in patients over 70 years with a low vitamin D state (D30), appeared to be almost completely corrected by either vaccination, or having a higher vitamin D state, i.e., mortality was 14% for vaccinated patients over 70 years with D30 and 16% for unvaccinated patients over 70 years with a 25(OH)D level greater than 30 nmol/L. We observe that high mortality from COVID-19 pneumonia occurs in older patients, especially those who are unvaccinated or have a low vitamin D state. Recent vaccination or having a high vitamin D status are both associated with reduced mortality, although these effects do not fully mitigate the mortality risk associated with advanced age.
Subject
Food Science,Nutrition and Dietetics
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