Awareness of Pregnant Patients about Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection—A Semi-Systematic Review

Author:

Bartnik Paweł1,Bender Aleksandra2,Kacperczyk-Bartnik Joanna1ORCID,Ciebiera Michał34ORCID,Urban Aleksandra1,Sienko Anna5,Bilir Esra67ORCID,Romejko-Wolniewicz Ewa1,Sieńko Jacek1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. II Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland

2. Students’ Scientific Group, II Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland

3. Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-189 Warsaw, Poland

4. Warsaw Institute of Women’s Health, 00-189 Warsaw, Poland

5. School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK

6. Department of Global Health, Koç University Graduate School of Health Sciences, İstanbul 34450, Turkey

7. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany

Abstract

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection represents a major issue worldwide, since it constitutes the most common viral congenital infection, with a prevalence of 0.58% and 1–5% in developed and developing countries, respectively. According to recent studies, prenatal treatment significantly decreases the risk of vertical CMV transmission, and early intervention may even prevent the termination of pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate the level of awareness of CMV among pregnant patients through a semi-systematic review. Methods: We included all of the original articles investigating knowledge and awareness about CMV infection among pregnant women. Our research included the PubMed database. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement, the Covidence system automatically guided us to screen the titles and/or abstracts, and then full-texts, followed by data extraction from the eligible studies. Results: We screened 764 studies altogether, with 13 studies included in this analysis. Knowledge about the existence of CMV infection risk varied between the articles, ranging from 11.4% in a study performed in Ireland to 60% reported in a study on the French population. Studies analyzing the impact of educational interventions on patients’ knowledge about preventive measures reported significant improvement compared to their level of awareness before the intervention. Conclusions: Patients’ awareness and knowledge about CMV seemed to be generally low or very low during the last decade before the development of effective secondary prevention methods. Educational interventions seem to be effective, and therefore their wide use could be of potential benefit. In the era of available secondary prevention of vertical transmission, it is crucial to concentrate the efforts of different stakeholders to increase the awareness of cCMV among pregnant women.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference32 articles.

1. Francki, R.I.B., Fauquet, C.M., Knudson, D.L., and Brown, F. (2012). Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses: Fifth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Virology Division of the International Union of Microbiological Societies, Springer Science & Business Media.

2. Hearing loss and congenital CMV infection: A systematic review;Goderis;Pediatrics,2014

3. The “silent” global burden of congenital cytomegalovirus;Manicklal;Clin. Microbiol. Rev.,2013

4. Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection Burden and Epidemiologic Risk Factors in Countries with Universal Screening: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis;Ssentongo;JAMA Netw. Open,2021

5. Rybak-Krzyszkowska, M., Górecka, J., Huras, H., Massalska-Wolska, M., Staśkiewicz, M., Gach, A., Kondracka, A., Staniczek, J., Górczewski, W., and Borowski, D. (2023). Cytomegalovirus Infection in Pregnancy Prevention and Treatment Options: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Viruses, 15.

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