The Meaning of “Structure” in Systems Thinking

Abstract

“Systemic structure” is an oft-used term in Systems Thinking. However, different authors use different, sometimes conflicting definitions of “systemic structure,” many of which are nebulous, and therefore its meaning is not clear. In this paper, we review the various definitions and interpretations and develop a logical, practical definition that may be applied to develop a deep understanding of system behavior: in Systems Thinking, “structure” is the cause-and-effect manner in which system components interrelate to yield system behavior; and the rules, laws, protocols, procedures, policies, and incentives/rewards that govern those interactions.