The Specific Molecular Changes Induced by Diabetic Conditions in Valvular Endothelial Cells and upon Their Interactions with Monocytes Contribute to Endothelial Dysfunction

Author:

Tucureanu Monica Madalina1,Ciortan Letitia1,Macarie Razvan Daniel1,Mihaila Andreea Cristina1ORCID,Droc Ionel2ORCID,Butoi Elena1ORCID,Manduteanu Ileana1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu”, 050568 Bucharest, Romania

2. Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Central Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania

Abstract

Aortic valve disease (AVD) represents a global public health challenge. Research indicates a higher prevalence of diabetes in AVD patients, accelerating disease advancement. Although the specific mechanisms linking diabetes to valve dysfunction remain unclear, alterations of valvular endothelial cells (VECs) homeostasis due to high glucose (HG) or their crosstalk with monocytes play pivotal roles. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular signatures of VECs in HG and upon their interaction with monocytes in normal (NG) or high glucose conditions and to propose novel mechanisms underlying valvular dysfunction in diabetes. VECs and THP-1 monocytes cultured in NG/HG conditions were used. The RNAseq analysis revealed transcriptomic changes in VECs, in processes related to cytoskeleton regulation, focal adhesions, cellular junctions, and cell adhesion. Key molecules were validated by qPCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence assays. The alterations in cytoskeleton and intercellular junctions impacted VEC function, leading to changes in VECs adherence to extracellular matrix, endothelial permeability, monocyte adhesion, and transmigration. The findings uncover new molecular mechanisms of VEC dysfunction in HG conditions and upon their interaction with monocytes in NG/HG conditions and may help to understand mechanisms of valvular dysfunction in diabetes and to develop novel therapeutic strategies in AVD.

Funder

Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, CNCS–UEFISCDI

Publisher

MDPI AG

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