Cardio-Metabolic Health of Offspring Exposed in Utero to Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus and Anti-Retroviral Treatment: A Systematic Review
Author:
Matjuda Edna Ngoakoana1, Engwa Godwill Azeh2ORCID, Mungamba Muhulo Muhau1, Sewani-Rusike Constance Rufaro1, Goswami Nandu2345ORCID, Nkeh-Chungag Benedicta Ngwenchi2ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa 2. Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa 3. Physiology Division, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, D-5 A, 8036 Graz, Austria 4. Department of Health Sciences, Alma Mater Europaea, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia 5. College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
Abstract
Background: Antiretroviral treatment (ART) use during pregnancy continues to rise as it is known to decrease the likelihood of HIV transmission from mother to child. However, it is still unknown whether foetal exposure to (ART) may affect the foetal environment, predisposing the offspring to cardiometabolic risk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to systematically review the cardio-metabolic effects of in utero exposure to HIV/ART on offspring. Methods: We carried out a systematic review and obtained literature from the Google scholar, PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Two independent reviewers evaluated the titles, abstracts, and full-length English contents. Data from the eligible studies were included. Results: The search yielded 7596 records. After assessing all of these records, 35 of the full-length articles were included in this systematic review. Several studies showed that low birth weight, small head circumference, and altered mitochondrial content were more common among HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children compared to HIV-unexposed uninfected children (HUU). A few studies demonstrated elevated triglyceride levels, lower levels of insulin, and increased blood pressure, oxidative stress, vascular dysfunction, cardiac damage, and myocardial dysfunction among HEU children compared with HUU children. Conclusion: Most findings showed that there were cardio-metabolic health risk factors among HEU children, indicating that maternal exposure to HIV and ART may negatively affect foetal health, which may lead to cardio-metabolic morbidity later in life.
Funder
South African National Research Foundation NRF-CPRR
Subject
General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Reference81 articles.
1. World Health Organisation (WHO) (2022, November 13). HIV and AIDS, Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids. 2. UNAIDS (2022, November 01). Global HIV & AIDS statistics. Available online: https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet. 3. Tropical obstetrics and gynaecology. 1. Anaemia in pregnancy in tropical Africa;Fleming;Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg.,1989 4. Perspectives about childbearing and pregnancy planning amongst people living with HIV in Gaborone, Botswana;Gutin;Cult. Health Sex.,2020 5. Stringer, E.M., Kendall, M.A., Lockman, S., Campbell, T.B., Nielsen-Saines, K., Sawe, F., Cu-Uvin, S., Wu, X., and Currier, J.S. (2018). Pregnancy outcomes among HIV-infected women who conceived on antiretroviral therapy. PLoS ONE, 13.
|
|