Early Peri-Implant Bone Healing on Laser-Modified Surfaces with and without Hydroxyapatite Coating: An In Vivo Study

Author:

Santos Ana Flávia Piquera1ORCID,da Silva Rodrigo Capalbo2,Hadad Henrique1ORCID,de Jesus Laís Kawamata1ORCID,Pereira-Silva Maísa1ORCID,Nímia Heloisa Helena23,Oliveira Sandra Helena Penha4ORCID,Guastaldi Antônio Carlos5,Queiroz Thallita Pereira6,Poli Pier Paolo7ORCID,Barbosa Debora de Barros2ORCID,da Silva Fabris André Luis1,Garcia Júnior Idelmo Rangel1,Gruber Reinhard8,Souza Francisley Ávila1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil

2. Department of Dental Materials and Prosthetics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil

3. Health Sciences Institute, Pontificiae University Catholic of Minas Gerais—PUC-Minas, Poços de Caldas 37714-620, MG, Brazil

4. Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16018-805, SP, Brazil

5. Department of Analytical, Physical-Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-900, SP, Brazil

6. Department of Health Science, University of Araraquara-UNIARA, Araraquara 14801-340, SP, Brazil

7. Maxillofacial Surgery and Odontostomatology Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Cà Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy

8. Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria

Abstract

(1) Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the biological behavior of bone tissue on a machined surface (MS) and modifications made by a laser beam (LS) and by a laser beam incorporated with hydroxyapatite (HA) using a biomimetic method without thermic treatment (LHS). (2) Methods: Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDX) was performed before and after installation in the rabbit tibiae. A total of 20 Albinus rabbits randomly received 30 implants of 3.75 × 10 mm in the right and left tibias, with two implants on each surface in each tibia. In the animals belonging to the 4-week euthanasia period group, intramuscular application of the fluorochromes calcein and alizarin was performed. In implants placed mesially in the tibiofemoral joint, biomechanical analysis was performed by means of a removal torque (N/cm). The tibias with the implants located distally to the joint were submitted for analysis by confocal laser microscopy (mineral apposition rate) and for histometric analysis by bone contact implant (%BIC) and newly formed bone area (%NBA). (3) Results: The SEM showed differences between the surfaces. The biomechanical analysis revealed significant differences in removal torque values between the MSs and LHSs over a 2-week period. Over a 4-week period, both the LSs and LHSs demonstrated removal torque values statistically higher than the MSs. BIC of the LHS implants were statistically superior to MS at the 2-week period and LHS and LS surfaces were statistically superior to MS at the 4-week period. Statistical analysis of the NBA of the implants showed difference between the LHS and MS in the period of 2 weeks. (4) Conclusions: The modifications of the LSs and LHSs provided important physicochemical modifications that favored the deposition of bone tissue on the surface of the implants.

Funder

São Paulo Research Foundation—FAPESP

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference59 articles.

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