Potential Toxic Elements and Their Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Risk Assessment in Some Commercially Important Fish Species from a Ramsar Site
Author:
Hossain Mohammad Belal12ORCID, Ahmed Md Moudud2, Jolly Yeasmin Nahar3ORCID, Nur As-Ad Ujjaman2ORCID, Sultana Salma2ORCID, Akter Shirin3, Yu Jimmy1, Paray Bilal Ahamad4, Arai Takaomi5ORCID
Affiliation:
1. School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia 2. Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh 3. Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh 4. Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia 5. Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
Abstract
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) such as Hg, As, and Pb have become concentrated in the aquatic ecosystem as a result of increased human activities. However, these substances frequently have synergistic or antagonistic effects on the human body or other animals. As a result, there are concerns world-wide that commercially available food products, especially fish, may be contaminated with hazardous elements. In this study, samples of four selected fishes, Gutum (Lepidocephalichthys guntea), Baim (Macrognathus pancalus), Baila (Glossogobius giuris), Meni (Nandus nandus) were analyzed from one of the largest freshwater wetlands (designed as a Ramsar Site) in South Asia to evaluate PTEs contamination status and human health risk assessment. The result demonstrated that the degree of contamination for six PTEs decreased in the following sequences for fish: Fe > Zn > Cu > Pb > As > Hg. The edible part of G. giuris had the maximum value for Hg (0.42 μg/g dw), while N. nandus predominantly accumulated As (<0.41 μg/g dw). The estimated daily intake (EDI) values ranged from 0.003 to 1.75, which was much lower than the recommended values. The hazard index (HI), THQ, total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) scores through consuming fish followed the decreasing order of Fe > Hg > Cu > Zn > Pb. The values for each index were less than 1, indicating that there were no substantial health risks for the consumers. The carcinogenic risks (CR) derived from the intake of Pb ranged from 4.92 × 10−8 to 4.14 × 10−8 for males and 5.45 × 10−8 to 4.59 × 10−8 for females, which also did not exceed the standard limit (1.00 × 10−6). This study demonstrated that, under the existing consumption rate, there was no potential health harm to consumers from consuming the studied fishes. This study offers a chance to regularly check PTEs in this environment, reducing the contamination of heavy metals.
Funder
FOS Allied Fund Researchers Supporting Project
Subject
General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
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