GC/MS Profile and Antifungal Activity of Zanthoxylum caribaeum Lam Essential Oil against Moniliophthora roreri Cif and Par, a Pathogen That Infects Theobroma cacao L Crops in the Tropics

Author:

Fuentes-Estrada Marcial12,Jiménez-González Andrea3,Duarte Diannefair4ORCID,Saavedra-Barrera Rogerio5ORCID,Areche Carlos6ORCID,Stashenko Elena5ORCID,Pino Benítez Nayive7,Bárcenas-Pérez Daniela89ORCID,Cheel José8ORCID,García-Beltrán Olimpo210ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad del Tolima, Altos de Santa Helena, Ibagué 730006, Colombia

2. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 Calle 67, Ibagué 730002, Colombia

3. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Altos de Santa Helena, Ibagué 730006, Colombia

4. Federación Nacional de Cacaoteros (FEDECACAO)—Fondo Nacional del Cacao (FNC), San Vicente de Chucurí—Santander 270001, Colombia

5. Research Center of Excellence CENIVAM, CIBIMOL, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Building 45, UIS, Carrera 27, Calle 9, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia

6. Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Nuñoa, Santiago 7800024, Chile

7. Grupo de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó, Quibdó 270001, Colombia

8. Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology—Centre ALGATECH, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický Mlýn, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic

9. Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic

10. Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, General Gana 1702, Santiago 8370854, Chile

Abstract

The species Zanthoxylum caribaeum belongs to the Rutaceae family, from which several chemical nuclei are known, including alkaloids and coumarins. In addition, its essential oil has been characterized, showing differences in composition and various antimicrobial activities. In the present study, the essential oil of Z. caribaeum collected in the department of Tolima, central Colombia, was characterized by gas chromatography with mass selective detector (GC-MS). The essential oil showed a composition of about 43 compounds (including major and minor), whose main components, according to their abundance, are the following: germacrene D (228.0 ± 1.6 mg/g EO), (E)-β-farnesene (128.0 ± 1.5 mg/g EO), β-elemene (116.0 ± 1.6 mg/g EO) and (E)-nerolidol (74.0 ± 2.2 mg/g EO). This oil was tested against microorganisms that affect cocoa production in Colombia and in tropical countries where the production of this commodity is very important for the economy. The antifungal tests were performed on the fungal species Moniliophthora roreri and showed promising and significant activity, inhibiting growth by more than 95% at concentrations of 50 µL/mL and 100 µL/mL. This remarkable antifungal activity could be due to the presence of major and minor compounds that synergistically enhance the activity.

Funder

rancisco José de Caldas Fund

Chile

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Analytical Chemistry

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