A Review on Low-Temperature Protonic Conductors: Principles and Chemical Sensing Applications

Author:

Mendes Sofia R.1ORCID,da Silva Georgenes M. G.2,Araújo Evando S.3ORCID,Faia Pedro M.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. CEMMPRE—Electrical and Computers Engineering Department, FCTUC, University of Coimbra, Polo 2, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal

2. Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of the Sertão Pernambucano, Petrolina 56314-520, Brazil

3. Research Group on Electrospinning and Nanotechnology Applications, Department of Materials Science, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, Juazeiro 48902-300, Brazil

Abstract

Proton conductors are ceramic materials with a crystalline or amorphous structure, which allow the passage of an electrical current through them exclusively by the movement of protons: H+. Recent developments in proton-conducting ceramics present considerable promise for obtaining economic and sustainable energy conversion and storage devices, electrolysis cells, gas purification, and sensing applications. So, proton-conducting ceramics that combine sensitivity, stability, and the ability to operate at low temperatures are particularly attractive. In this article, the authors start by presenting a brief historical resume of proton conductors and by exploring their properties, such as structure and microstructure, and their correlation with conductivity. A perspective regarding applications of these materials on low-temperature energy-related devices, electrochemical and moisture sensors, is presented. Finally, the authors’ efforts on the usage of a proton-conducting ceramic, polyantimonic acid (PAA), to develop humidity sensors, are looked into.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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