Layer-By-Layer Films of Silsesquioxane and Nickel(II) Tetrasulphophthalocyanine as Glucose Oxidase Platform Immobilization: Amperometric Determination of Glucose in Kombucha Beverages

Abstract

This paper describes the development of a novel glucose biosensor through the layer-by-layer technique (LbL). The self-assembled architectures were composed of a positive-charged silsesquioxane polyelectrolyte, 3-n-propylpyridinium silsesquioxane chloride (SiPy+Cl−), nickel (II) tetrassulphophthalocyanine (NiTsPc), and a conductive surface of FTO (fluor tin oxide). The construction of the biosensor was influenced by the isoelectric point (pI) of the glucose oxidase enzyme (GOx), which allowed electrostatic interaction between the outer layer of the silsesquioxane film and the enzyme. The architecture of modified electrode GOx/(SiPy+Cl−/NiTsPc)5.5/FTO was confirmed by UV-Vis, FTIR, and chronoamperometry techniques using different immobilization methods of GOx. Among the studied methods, a higher variation of current was observed for the modified electrode formed by mixed LbL films of SiPy+Cl− and NiTsPc and the enzyme immobilized by drop coating. The stability and reproducibility of the biosensor were verified when the last layer containing the enzyme was coated with 0.2% Nafion® polymer. Under these conditions, a linear response for glucose was obtained in the concentration range of 0.2 to 1.6 mmol L−1 (R2 = 0.991) with a limit of detection of 0.022 mmol L−1. The proposed biosensor was applied to quantify glucose in two different samples of kombucha juices with accuracy, allowing the glucose content of the healthy beverages to be estimated.