Comprehensive Investigation of Thermal and Flow Features of Alloy Based Nanofluid Considering Shape and Newtonian Heating Effects via New Fractional Approach

Abstract

The core purpose of this work is the formulation of a mathematical model by dint of a new fractional modeling approach to study the dynamics of flow and heat transfer phenomena. This approach involves the incorporation of the Prabhakar fractional operator in mathematical analysis to transform the governing system from a conventional framework to a generalized one. This generalized model evaluates the improvement in thermal efficacy of vacuum pump oil because of the inclusion of aluminum alloy nanoparticles. The flow of the under-observation nanofluid starts due to the combined effects of natural convection and the ramped velocity function at the boundary. Meanwhile, an analysis of the energy equation is conducted by taking the Newtonian heating mechanism into consideration. The characteristics of platelet-, brick-, cylinder-, and blade-shaped alloy nanoparticles are incorporated into the primary system using shape-dependent relations for thermal conductivity and viscosity. Both the classical and generalized models are solved to derive the exact solutions by first inserting some dimension-independent quantities and then operating the Laplace transform on the succeeding equations. These solutions are utilized for the development of graphical illustrations to serve the purpose of covering all features of the problem under consideration. Furthermore, changes in energy and flow functions due to the dominant influences of the relevant contributing factors are delineated with appropriate physical arguments. In addition, the numerical results of the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are displayed via multiple tables to analyze the disturbance in shear stress and discuss the contribution of the fractional parameters, the volume concentration of the considered nanoparticles, and the shape factor in the boost of the thermal potential of the considered nanofluid. The findings imply that aluminum alloy nanoparticles have the ability to produce a 44% enhancement in the thermal effectiveness of vacuum pump oil. Moreover, the flow velocity is reduced as the loading range of the nanoparticles rises.