Dynamics and Stability of a Fractional-Order Tumor–Immune Interaction Model with B-D Functional Response and Immunotherapy

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate a fractional-order tumor–immune interaction model with B-D function item and immunotherapy. First, the existence, uniqueness and nonnegativity of the solutions of the model are established. Second, the local and global asymptotic stability of some tumor-free equilibrium points and a unique positive equilibrium point are obtained. Finally, we use numerical simulation method to visualize and verify the theoretical conclusions. It is known that the fractional-order parameter β has a stabilization effect, and the tumor cells can be destroyed or controlled by using immunotherapy.