Systematic Insights into a Textile Industry: Reviewing Life Cycle Assessment and Eco-Design

Author:

Fonseca Ana1ORCID,Ramalho Edgar1ORCID,Gouveia Ana1ORCID,Henriques Rita1ORCID,Figueiredo Filipa12,Nunes João12

Affiliation:

1. Associação CECOLAB—Collaborative Laboratory Towards Circular Economy, Rua Nossa Senhora da Conceição, nº. 2. Lagares da Beira, 3405-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal

2. Associação BLC3—Campus de Tecnologia e Inovação, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Rua Nossa Senhora da Conceição, nº. 2, 3405-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal

Abstract

The worldwide textile sector is one of the most polluting and consuming natural resource value chains. In recent years, trends have demonstrated a linear model driven by fast fashion, increasing the sustainability problems of this sector. The European market and industry are changing the paradigm and promoting some actions towards a sustainable value chain. This paper applies a systematic approach to reviewing scientific research, where Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is implemented as a tool to understand the impacts considering a holistic life cycle framework, from raw materials to the end-of-life of textile products. The methodology and criteria applied resulted in 73 articles used for qualitative analysis, of which 39 met the criteria for quantitative analysis. The quantitative results reported in the studies were organized and presented by phase of the garment production life cycle (production of fiber, yarn, fabric, manufacturing, and recovery/end of life). From a cradle-to-gate perspective, wool yarn production, by worsted processing, was the material with the highest values (95.70 kg CO2 eq/kg) for climate change/global warming potential, closely followed by silk fabric (80.90 kg CO2 eq/kg). Extending to a cradle-to-grave boundary, polyester had the highest values for the previously mentioned category, reaching a potential release of 40.28 kg CO2 eq per kilogram of polyester textile. When data was available, the user phase predominantly contributed to climate change/global warming potential. Additionally, there were significant differences in maximum and minimum values for some of the materials, which were related to methodological considerations, database inventory, and frequency of use and care considered by the different authors. The study also addresses the considerations and limitations of diverse LCA impact assessment tools.

Funder

CiiM—Circular Innovation Inter-Municipality

European Social Fund

European Regional Development Fund

PRR—Recovery and Resilience Plan

CECOLAB base fund

Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,Geography, Planning and Development,Building and Construction

Reference124 articles.

1. Textile Industry in a Changing World: Challenges of Sustainable Development;Costa;Univ. Porto J. Eng.,2020

2. Duhoux, T., Le Blévennec, K., Arnold, M., and Mortensen, L.F. (2022). Textiles and the Environment the Role of Design in Europe’s Circular Economy, ECT CE.

3. Sustainable Design Futures: An Open Design Vision for the Circular Economy in Fashion and Textiles;Smith;Des. J.,2017

4. Nikolina, Š. (2023, July 07). Environmental Impact of the Textile and Clothing Industry. What Consumers Need to Know. Available online: https://policycommons.net/artifacts/1335345/enviro.

5. Beylot, A., Ardente, F., Marques, A., Mathieux, F., Pant, R., Sala, S., Zampori, L., and European Commission Joint Research Centre (2020). Abiotic and Biotic Resources Impact Categories in LCA: Development of New Approaches: Accounting for Abiotic Resources Dissipation and Biotic Resources, Publications Office of the European Union.

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