Application of Luminescent Bacteria Bioassay in the Detection of Pollutants in Soil

Author:

Zhang Kai1,Liu Meng1,Song Xinlong1,Wang Dongyu1

Affiliation:

1. School of Chemistry and Environment, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

Abstract

The luminescent bacteria bioassay has been commonly used in the detection of environmental pollutants. Compared with traditional chemical and other biological detection methods, the luminescent bacteria bioassay has many demonstrated advantages such as a sensitive response, low cost, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness. The traditional luminescent bacteria bioassay has poor reproducibility and cannot achieve undisturbed soil testing, and the use of leach liquor also affects the results. This paper reviews the research progress and existing issues for the traditional luminescent bacteria bioassay used in the detection of soil pollutants. The luminescence mechanisms and detection principles of three commonly used luminescent bacteria, i.e., Vibrio fischeri, Photobacterium phosphoreum, and Vibrio qinghaiensis, are discussed and compared. In addition, two new luminescent bacteria bioassays are introduced to detect soil pollutants. One method is based on recombinant luminescent bacteria obtained with a gene-modification technique. This method can realize specific detection and enhance sensitivity, but it still cannot achieve undisturbed soil detection. The other method involves using magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-based biosensors made from luminescent bacteria and MNPs. It can realize the accurate detection of the biological toxicity of the combined pollutants in soil without disturbing the soil’s integrity. This study shows that MNP-based biosensors have good application prospects in soil pollution detection, but the mechanism behind their utility still needs to be investigated to realize their popularization and application.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Key Research and Development Program of Autonomous Region

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,Geography, Planning and Development,Building and Construction

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