Analysis of New Orthogonal Transforms for Digital Watermarking

Abstract

The paper focuses on the application of new orthogonal transforms in digital watermarking. Novel types of transforms and their characteristics are presented. Potential methods for watermark embedding and recovery are also proposed. They assume embedding hidden information in the transform domains using the luminance channel of the original image. Image spectra are obtained by dividing the original image into smaller blocks that then are further processed by performing the forward transform operation. A watermark is embedded by modifying the spectral coefficients with relatively low values. Since there are various types of transforms, the latter process is realized in an adaptive manner. The proposed solutions were evaluated by measuring the level of visual distortion with respect to the total size of the inserted data. Additionally, the bit error rate (BER) in the recovery phase is also analyzed. The elaborated methods seem to be useful for applications in digital signal and image processing where high imperceptibility and low BER are of great importance. New orthogonal transforms were proved to be useful in watermarking tasks, and in some cases, they can even outperform the classic DCT approach.