Super-Insulating Transparent Polyisocyanurate-Polyurethane Aerogels: Analysis of Thermal Conductivity and Mechanical Properties

Abstract

A family of transparent polyisocyanurate-polyurethane (PUR-PIR) aerogels with an interesting combination of physical properties were synthesized. First, their textural properties were analyzed aiming to study catalyst influence on the final porous structures and densities. Their thermal conductivities were measured at different temperatures allowing observation of a clear trend relating the initial formulation with the porous structure and reaching values as low as 12 mW/mK, the lowest found in the literature for aerogels based on this polymer matrix. Contributions to thermal conductivity were calculated, improving the understanding of the porous structure-insulating performance relationship. Moreover, their mechanical properties were studied (elastic modulus, stress at different strains and elastic behavior). The aerogels showed tunable stiffness (elastic modulus from 6.32 to 0.13 MPa) by changing the catalyst concentration and significant elasticity. Thus, super-insulating transparent PUR-PIR aerogels with tailored mechanical properties were obtained opening a wide range of potential applications in the energy, building, automotive and aeronautical sectors, among others. The exceptional insulation of silica aerogels was reached at the same time that their general brittleness was improved while keeping good transparency to visible light (85%, 650 nm). Therefore, these aerogels may constitute an alternative to silica aerogels.