Formal Analysis of Trust and Reputation for Service Composition in IoT

Author:

Ahmed Abdelmuttlib Ibrahim Abdalla1ORCID,Hamid Siti Hafizah Ab2,Gani Abdullah13ORCID,Abdelaziz Ahmed4,Abaker Mohammed5ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Computer System and Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia

2. Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia

3. Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia

4. Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 25669, United Arab Emirates

5. Department of Computer Science, Applied College, King Khalid University, Muhayil 61913, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

The exponential growth in the number of smart devices connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) that are associated with various IoT-based smart applications and services, raises interoperability challenges. Service-oriented architecture for IoT (SOA-IoT) solutions has been introduced to deal with these interoperability challenges by integrating web services into sensor networks via IoT-optimized gateways to fill the gap between devices, networks, and access terminals. The main aim of service composition is to transform user requirements into a composite service execution. Different methods have been used to perform service composition, which has been classified as trust-based and non-trust-based. The existing studies in this field have reported that trust-based approaches outperform non-trust-based ones. Trust-based service composition approaches use the trust and reputation system as a brain to select appropriate service providers (SPs) for the service composition plan. The trust and reputation system computes each candidate SP’s trust value and selects the SP with the highest trust value for the service composition plan. The trust system computes the trust value from the self-observation of the service requestor (SR) and other service consumers’ (SCs) recommendations. Several experimental solutions have been proposed to deal with trust-based service composition in the IoT; however, a formal method for trust-based service composition in the IoT is lacking. In this study, we used the formal method for representing the components of trust-based service management in the IoT, by using higher-order logic (HOL) and verifying the different behaviors in the trust system and the trust value computation processes. Our findings showed that the presence of malicious nodes performing trust attacks leads to biased trust value computation, which results in inappropriate SP selection during the service composition. The formal analysis has given us a clear insight and complete understanding, which will assist in the development of a robust trust system.

Funder

Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Biochemistry,Instrumentation,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics,Analytical Chemistry

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